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⒉在比較結(jié)構(gòu)里,連接詞"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口語中,人們常用賓格形式,學美式英語者,更是如此:
(8)
a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)
a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)兩種說法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后頭分句的主語和詞動都要完整出現(xiàn)的話,這時的人稱代詞,就必須是主格,如下:
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外,還有一點要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面雖然在語法上用主格好,用賓格也可,但是有時意思會有所不同。試比較(a)和(b):
(12)
a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)b:
(13)
a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
顯然,這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形,為了避免誤解,不妨根據(jù)要表達的意思用完整的句式表達出來。換句話說,必要的話,要用(13)這句子。
不然,把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可:
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
幾乎所有的日耳曼語源字匯(包括一切基本字匯,如代詞、連詞等)相對來說都更短、更非正式。拉丁語源的字匯通常代表更加優(yōu)雅或更有教養(yǎng)。